What are the pros and cons of Birth Control for Women

Choosing a birth control method is a personal decision—and one that can impact your health, your daily routine, and how you feel in your body, so it’s naturally a pretty big choice to make.

While preventing pregnancy is often the goal, many people also use birth control to manage their periods, ease painful symptoms, or support other health concerns.

Every method comes with its own set of benefits and potential side effects. Some people love the ease and regularity that the pill provides, while others prefer a low-maintenance option like an intrauterine device (IUD) or implant. Either way, it’s normal to have questions, especially when you’re trying to find the right fit for your life and your body.

Different methods of birth control

Birth control isn’t one-size-fits-all. It’s a powerful tool that helps you take charge of your reproductive health and plan for your future on your own terms. From daily pills to long-acting options like IUDs and implants, there are many methods available—and each works a little differently.

Some forms of birth control use hormones to prevent ovulation (the release of an egg), while others act as physical barriers to keep sperm and egg from meeting. Each option has its pros and cons, and understanding how they work can help you choose what’s best for your body, your goals, and your lifestyle.

Common forms of birth control

Birth control pills: The pill remains one of the most commonly used methods—and for good reason. When taken consistently, it’s highly effective and can offer added benefits like more regular periods and reduced menstrual cramps. There are two main types:

• Combination pills contain both estrogen and progestin.
• Progestin-only pills (sometimes called the mini-pill) are estrogen-free and may be a better option for those who can’t take estrogen.

Both work well when used as directed, but timing matters more with the mini-pill—it’s important to take it at the same time every day for best results.

The patch and the shot: The birth control patch delivers hormones through your skin and only needs to be changed once a week, which many people find convenient.

The Depo-Provera® shot is an injection you get every three months. It’s a great low-maintenance option, and for some, it even stops periods altogether. However, it may cause side effects like weight changes or a drop in bone density over time. If you prefer to manage it at home, self-injection options are also available.

Long-acting reversible contraceptives (LARCs): LARCs—like the Nexplanon® implant and various IUDs—offer years of protection without any daily upkeep.

• The implant is a small rod inserted under the skin of your arm that provides up to three years of highly effective pregnancy prevention.
• IUDs (both hormonal and non-hormonal) sit inside the uterus and can last anywhere from 3 to 10 years, depending on the type.

While these methods do require a quick in-office procedure to place, many people appreciate the peace of mind they offer—no daily reminders, no fuss.

How birth control pills work

At a basic level, birth control pills work by preventing ovulation—meaning no egg is released for sperm to fertilize. That alone significantly reduces the chance of pregnancy.

Combination pills also thicken the cervical mucus, making it harder for sperm to reach the egg, and thin the lining of the uterus, which makes implantation less likely if fertilization does occur.

The progestin-only pill works in a similar way but may not always suppress ovulation completely. That’s why timing is especially important—it needs to be taken at the same time every day to maintain effectiveness.

How other methods work

Beyond the pill, several other birth control methods help prevent pregnancy by interfering with the reproductive process in different ways—either by stopping ovulation, thickening cervical mucus, or creating a physical barrier.

The patch and the shot: These hormonal methods release synthetic estrogen and/or progestin into your body.

• The patch works similarly to the combination pill: it stops ovulation, thickens cervical mucus, and thins the uterine lining. It’s worn on the skin and changed weekly.
• The Depo-Provera® shot contains progestin only. It primarily prevents ovulation and also thickens cervical mucus. One injection protects against pregnancy for about three months.

Long-acting reversible contraceptives (LARCs): These low-maintenance options work inside your body over several years.

• The implant (Nexplanon®) is a small, flexible rod placed under the skin of your arm. It releases progestin to suppress ovulation and thicken cervical mucus.
• Hormonal IUDs (like Mirena® or Kyleena®) release small amounts of progestin directly into the uterus, thickening cervical mucus and sometimes preventing ovulation.
• Copper IUDs (like Paragard®) don’t use hormones at all. Instead, they create an environment that’s toxic to sperm, stopping them from reaching or fertilizing an egg.

Each method works in its own way—but all aim to interrupt the reproductive process so that pregnancy doesn’t occur.

Pros of using birth control

Birth control does more than prevent pregnancy—it can also support your overall health and well-being. For many people, it’s a key part of managing their menstrual cycle, treating specific health conditions, and feeling more in control of their reproductive health. Understanding the full range of benefits can help you choose what’s right for your body and lifestyle.

Reliable pregnancy prevention

One of the biggest advantages of birth control is how effectively it prevents pregnancy when used as directed. Most hormonal methods are over 90% effective with typical use—and over 99% effective with perfect use. That level of reliability gives you the freedom to plan (or delay) pregnancy on your own terms.

Different methods offer different levels of maintenance. For example:

• Pills require daily consistency, but they’re easy to stop if your plans change.
• IUDs, like Mirena® (hormonal) or Paragard® (non-hormonal), are over 99% effective and last for several years. Once placed by a healthcare provider, you don’t have to think about them daily—though some people experience cramping or changes in their periods at first.

More manageable periods

Hormonal birth control is often used to make periods lighter, more predictable, and less painful.

• Combination pills can help shorten your cycle and reduce heavy bleeding.
• Some people skip the placebo week entirely, which is a safe and common way to avoid getting a period each month if medically appropriate.

Hormonal methods can also ease symptoms of conditions like endometriosis or polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) by helping to thin the uterine lining and reduce tissue buildup. For many, this means less discomfort and more control over their cycle.

Health benefits beyond contraception

Hormonal birth control offers protection beyond pregnancy prevention.

• Combination pills have been shown to reduce the risk of ovarian and endometrial cancers with long-term use—and the benefit can last even after you stop using them.
• Certain pills may help clear up acne, especially those that contain specific types of progestin. Many people notice smoother skin within a few months of starting treatment.
• Birth control may also help manage symptoms of premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) and reduce the risk of ovarian cysts.

A range of options to fit your life

There’s no one-size-fits-all approach to birth control—and that’s a good thing. Whether you’re looking for a short-term solution or a long-lasting method, there are options that can meet your needs.

If daily pills aren’t a good fit, methods like the patch, vaginal ring, Depo-Provera® injection, Nexplanon® implant, or IUDs may offer a more low-maintenance alternative. If you can’t use estrogen, progestin-only options are available and effective.

At Nurx, our licensed providers make it easy to explore your options from the comfort of home. We’ll evaluate through your health history, ask and answer your questions, and help you find a method that works for you so that your birth control can support your life, not complicate it.

Cons of birth control use

Birth control offers many benefits—but like any medication, it can come with side effects and risks. Everyone’s body responds differently, and understanding the potential downsides can help you make the choice that feels best for you. The goal is informed care—knowing what to expect, what’s normal, and when to reach out to a provider.

Possible side effects

Some people experience side effects when starting hormonal birth control, especially during the first few months as the body adjusts. The most common ones include:

• Nausea
• Breast tenderness
• Spotting or bleeding between periods

These symptoms often improve with time, but if they persist or affect your quality of life, a different formulation may be a better fit. Some people also notice mood changes or headaches, which are worth bringing up with your provider—especially if you have a history of migraines or mood-related conditions.

Weight changes are a common concern. While most studies show that birth control pills don’t lead to significant weight gain, some people experience water retention or temporary fluctuations when starting a new method. Everyone’s experience is different, and any changes should be monitored with your provider’s support.

Understanding the risks

Hormonal birth control slightly increases the risk of blood clots, particularly in people who smoke or have other risk factors like a history of clotting disorders. The risk is still low for most healthy individuals, but if you’re over 35 and smoke, a non-hormonal method may be safer.

Some research has also found a small increase in breast cancer risk while using hormonal birth control. The risk appears to decline after stopping, and combination pills have also been shown to reduce the risk of ovarian and endometrial cancers.

Other potential risks include:

• Elevated blood pressure
• Rare cardiovascular events in people with underlying health issues

This is why it’s important to share your full health history when starting a new method or starting with a new provider—and to check in regularly with your provider.

Birth control pills and safety

Are birth control pills safe for most women? Yes, in general, birth control pills are considered safe when prescribed with your individual health in mind. But there are some conditions that may make them less suitable, including:

• Migraines with aura
• Uncontrolled high blood pressure
• A personal or family history of blood clots

That said, there are alternatives, like progestin-only pills, that may be suitable if you experience any of the above health conditions.

You should also talk to your provider about any medications or supplements you take. Certain anti-seizure medications, some antibiotics, and herbal products like St. John’s Wort can lower the effectiveness of birth control pills. A quick message to your provider can help make sure your method works as intended.

No protection against STIs

Hormonal birth control methods—including the pill, patch, ring, shot, implant, and IUDs—are very effective at preventing pregnancy. But they don’t protect against sexually transmitted infections (STIs).

If you’re not in a mutually monogamous relationship, using condoms alongside hormonal birth control—known as dual protection—is a smart choice. Condoms provide crucial protection against STIs and can offer peace of mind, especially for people with multiple partners or those in newer relationships.

Different types of birth control

Finding the right birth control method is about more than just effectiveness—it’s about how it fits into your daily life, your body, and your long-term goals. Each option has its own benefits and considerations, and understanding those differences can help you make a choice that feels right for you.

Combination birth control pill vs. progestin-only pill

Combination birth control pills contain both estrogen and progestin. They tend to offer:

• A more flexible window for taking the pill—typically within 12 hours of your usual time
• More predictable periods and better cycle control
• Added benefits like improved acne in some users

Progestin-only pills (sometimes called the mini-pill) contain just one hormone. They’re a good option for those who can’t take estrogen, like people who are breastfeeding or who have certain health conditions.

Things to keep in mind with progestin-only pills:

• They must be taken at the same time every day, within a 3-hour window, to stay effective
• Some people experience more irregular bleeding, especially at first
• They’re often better tolerated by those sensitive to estrogen-related side effects

Both pills are effective—what matters most is choosing the one that works best for your routine, health needs, and preferences.

The patch and intrauterine devices (IUDs)

The birth control patch is a great option if remembering a daily pill feels overwhelming. You simply apply a new patch once a week for three weeks, followed by a patch-free week.

Some people like that the patch:

• Delivers hormones through the skin, which may reduce nausea
• Offers steady hormone levels throughout the week

That said, the patch might be visible depending on placement, and some users experience skin irritation in the area it’s worn.

Intrauterine devices (IUDs) offer long-term protection with almost zero daily effort.

• Hormonal IUDs, like Mirena®, can lighten or even stop periods over time
• Copper IUDs, like Paragard®, are hormone-free and effective for up to 10 years

Both types are placed by a healthcare provider and can cause some cramping or spotting after insertion—but they’re among the most effective birth control methods available and can be removed at any time if your plans change.

Natural family planning

Natural family planning (or fertility awareness) involves tracking your cycle to understand when you’re most fertile. This might include:

• Monitoring basal body temperature
• Observing cervical mucus changes
• Using cycle calendar methods

When used perfectly, these methods can be highly effective, but with typical use, the awareness method drops to around 77% effective. These methods require daily attention and may not be ideal if your cycle is irregular or unpredictable.

Some people appreciate that this approach is hormone-free and encourages communication with a partner about fertility and timing. But it does require consistency and often works best when combined with barrier methods like condoms during fertile days.

Your body, your choice

When it comes to contraception, knowledge is power. Understanding the pros and cons of birth control (and its various methods) can help you make choices that truly support your health, your goals, and your everyday life.

Each option—whether it’s the pill, an IUD, the patch, or a hormone-free method—offers unique benefits. Some help prevent pregnancy with little daily effort, while others can regulate your cycle, ease cramps, treat acne, or manage conditions like PCOS or PMDD. Side effects are possible, but knowing what’s normal and what’s not allows you to navigate any changes with confidence.

There’s no “perfect” method—just the one that works best for you. That might shift over time, and that’s okay. 

At Nurx, we make the whole process simple. Our licensed providers offer expert guidance and help you access a wide range of FDA-approved birth control options, including pill, patch, ring, and more—all from the comfort of home.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ):

What are the pros and cons of birth control?

Pros include reliable pregnancy prevention, more predictable periods, less cramping, and clearer skin. Cons may include side effects like mood changes or spotting, and some methods require strict daily timing. Hormonal methods don’t protect against STIs.

Is it healthier to be on birth control or not?

It depends on your body and your needs. For many, birth control improves quality of life—reducing pain, regulating cycles, and lowering the risk of some cancers. For others, it may not be the right fit due to health conditions or side effects.

Can birth control pills impact weight loss or gain?

Most research shows that birth control pills don’t cause significant weight changes. However, some people notice temporary bloating or water retention when they first start.

What are the advantages of birth control?

In addition to preventing pregnancy, hormonal birth control can reduce acne, ease heavy or painful periods, regulate your cycle, treat symptoms of PCOS or PMDD, and lower the risk of ovarian and endometrial cancers.

The information provided is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. You should not rely upon this content for medical advice. If you have any questions or concerns, please talk to a medical professional.

Services not offered in every state. Medications prescribed only if clinically appropriate, based on completion of required consultation. Not all options discussed here are available through Nurx. Individual results may vary. Costs apply. See Nurx.com for details.

Depo-SubQ Provera® 104 may be prescribed by a Nurx affiliated provider but is not fulfilled through a Nurx pharmacy. Learn more about Depo-SubQ Provera® here. 

Nexplanon® is not available through Nurx. Learn more about Nexplanon® including risks and side effects here. All product names, manufacturer or distributor names, logos, trademarks, and registered marks (“Product Marks”) are the property of their owners and are for identification purposes only. Product Marks do not imply any affiliation, endorsement, connection, or sponsorship by their owner(s) with Nurx. 

Paragard® is not available through Nurx. Learn more about Paragard® including risks and side effects here. All product names, manufacturer or distributor names, logos, trademarks, and registered marks (“Product Marks”) are the property of their owners and are for identification purposes only. Product Marks do not imply any affiliation, endorsement, connection, or sponsorship by their owner(s) with Nurx. 

Mirena® is not available through Nurx. Learn more about Mirena® including risks and side effects here. All product names, manufacturer or distributor names, logos, trademarks, and registered marks (“Product Marks”) are the property of their owners and are for identification purposes only. Product Marks do not imply any affiliation, endorsement, connection, or sponsorship by their owner(s) with Nurx.

Kyleena® is not available through Nurx. Learn more about Kyleena® including risks and side effects here. All product names, manufacturer or distributor names, logos, trademarks, and registered marks (“Product Marks”) are the property of their owners and are for identification purposes only. Product Marks do not imply any affiliation, endorsement, connection, or sponsorship by their owner(s) with Nurx.

All product names, manufacturer or distributor names, logos, trademarks, and registered marks (“Product Marks”) are the property of their owners and are for identification purposes only. Product Marks do not imply any affiliation, endorsement, connection, or sponsorship by their owner(s) with Nurx.