Get to know the different birth control methods

Key takeaway: 

• There are many available forms of birth control to choose from, with options for every budget, body, and lifestyle
• The right choice for you depends on your health history and preferences, and might change over time 
• A Nurx provider can help to sort through your options and find a birth control method that makes sense for you 

Choosing birth control is such a personal decision, and there’s no one “right” answer, just what’s right for you. With so many safe and effective options available today, finding a method that fits your life, health goals, and preferences is more accessible than ever.

Some methods require daily attention, while others offer long-term coverage with little upkeep. You might want something hormone-free, or maybe you’re looking for the most hands-off option available. Whatever your priorities, understanding how different methods work can help you feel more confident and in control of your reproductive health.

Everyone’s body and needs are different, which is why it’s helpful to explore all your choices. 

What is birth control used for?

Birth control helps you take charge of your reproductive health in a way that fits your life. 

While it’s most commonly used to prevent pregnancy, it can also help manage period symptoms, regulate cycles, ease hormonal imbalances, and even treat certain medical conditions like endometriosis or PCOS. But no two people have the same needs, and that’s why having options matters.

Whether you want a method you don’t have to think about often, one you can use only when needed, or something that’s completely hormone-free, there’s likely a form of birth control that meets you where you are. Your preferences, health history, lifestyle, and future goals all play an important role in figuring out what works best for you.

Finding the right method for your needs

Some methods are better suited to people who prefer a hands-off approach, like an IUD or implant that lasts for years. Others might feel more comfortable with something they can start or stop easily, like the pill or a diaphragm.

If you’re looking for a method that doesn’t involve hormones, options like condoms, copper IUDs, or fertility awareness may be a better match. If period relief or hormone regulation is a priority, hormonal methods could be a good fit. 

How different methods work

Each birth control method prevents pregnancy in its own way. Some form a physical barrier to block sperm from reaching the egg. Others use hormones to stop ovulation or change the uterine lining so pregnancy is less likely. Some combine both strategies for added effectiveness.

Understanding how birth control methods work—and how often they need to be used—can help you feel more confident in your choice. A healthcare provider can walk you through the pros and cons of each type, so you can find what feels right for you.

Barrier methods

Barrier methods are a reliable, hormone-free way to prevent pregnancy. They work by creating a physical barrier between sperm and egg—simple, effective, and often easy to use. Whether you’re looking for something you can use only when needed or want a backup to another method, barrier options offer flexibility and control.

Male and female condoms

Male condoms are one of the most familiar forms of birth control—and for good reason. They’re widely accessible, easy to use, and protect against both pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Worn over the penis during sex, they catch sperm before it can enter the vagina, offering peace of mind and protection in one.

Female condoms (such as the FC2 Internal Condom®) work in a similar way but are worn inside the vagina. Made from soft, flexible material, they have two rings to keep them in place—one at the closed end to cover the cervix, and one that stays outside the body. While they’re less common than male condoms, some people appreciate the control and STI protection they offer.

Cervical cap, diaphragm, and birth control sponge

These barrier methods are all placed inside the vagina to cover the cervix and block sperm from entering the uterus.

• Cervical cap: A small, silicone cup that fits snugly over the cervix. It’s used with spermicide and needs to be fitted by a healthcare provider.
• Diaphragm: Similar to the cervical cap but larger and dome-shaped. Like the cap, it’s used with spermicide and offers on-demand protection.
• Birth control sponge: A soft, foam device pre-loaded with spermicide. Once wet and inserted, it provides up to 24 hours of protection—even for multiple acts of intercourse.

All of these methods can be inserted before sex, which many people find convenient. They don’t interrupt the moment and can give you more autonomy over your birth control.

Spermicide

Spermicide is a chemical that kills sperm and is available over the counter in gels, foams, creams, and suppositories. 

While it can be used alone, it’s more effective when paired with another barrier method like a condom or diaphragm.

Hormonal birth control

Hormonal birth control offers safe, effective pregnancy prevention, and for many people, it also helps manage symptoms like cramping, heavy periods, or acne. 

Whether you prefer something daily, weekly, or long-acting, there’s a method to match your lifestyle. At Nurx, we make it easy to access the birth control you need, from pills to patches to rings—all with expert guidance and convenient home delivery.

Birth control pills

Birth control pills are one of the most popular types of birth control, and for good reason. These pills contain hormones (either a combination of estrogen and progestin, or progestin alone) that:

• Prevent ovulation
• Thicken cervical mucus to block sperm
• Thin the uterine lining to reduce the chance of implantation

To work best, the pill needs to be taken at the same time every day. While it does require daily consistency, many people find the routine manageable, especially with features like period regulation, lighter flow, and fewer cramps. Some pills can even help with hormonal acne.

With Nurx, you can choose from trusted options—all prescribed by licensed providers and shipped directly to your door.

Birth control shot, patch, and vaginal ring

If you’d rather not take a pill every day, there are several great alternatives:

• The birth control shot is given every three months at a provider’s office. It’s low-maintenance and highly effective.
• The patch (Twirla®) sticks to your skin and releases hormones throughout the week. You replace it weekly for three weeks, then take one week off.
• The hormonal vaginal contraceptive ring (NuvaRing® or Annovera®) is a small, flexible ring you insert into your vagina. It stays in for three weeks and is removed for one week. It delivers hormones locally and discreetly.

All three options are great for people who want convenience without a daily reminder.

Contraceptive implants

Looking for a longer-term solution without the upkeep? The contraceptive implant (Nexplanon®) might be right for you. It’s a tiny, flexible rod placed just under the skin of your upper arm by a healthcare provider. Once in place, it releases a steady dose of progestin and protects against pregnancy for up to five years.

The procedure takes just a few minutes and doesn’t require ongoing maintenance. Some people notice irregular bleeding at first, but this often evens out over time. The best part? You can have it removed at any time if your plans change.

Intrauterine devices (IUDs)

IUDs are small, T-shaped devices that a healthcare provider places inside your uterus. Once inserted, they provide long-lasting, reliable birth control without requiring daily maintenance. 

Whether you choose a hormonal or hormone-free option, IUDs offer a “set it and forget it” approach that’s ideal for many people looking for convenience and peace of mind.

Hormonal IUDs

Hormonal IUDs release a small amount of progestin directly into the uterus. 

This localized hormone delivery works by thickening cervical mucus, thinning the uterine lining, and sometimes preventing ovulation. Because the hormone stays mostly within the uterus, side effects tend to be minimal compared to other hormonal methods. Many people experience lighter periods, and some stop having periods altogether. 

With over 99% effectiveness, hormonal IUDs are among the most reliable birth control options available today, and they can last anywhere from 3 to 8 years, depending on the brand.

Copper IUDs

The copper IUD, such as Paragard®, is completely hormone-free. Instead, the copper acts as a natural spermicide, creating an environment in the uterus that makes it difficult for sperm to survive and reach an egg. 

It’s a great choice for those who want long-term birth control without any hormonal influence. Like its hormonal counterpart, the copper IUD is over 99% effective at preventing pregnancy, and it lasts even longer, providing protection for up to 10 years. 

Some people notice heavier or more painful periods, especially in the first few months after insertion, but these side effects often improve over time.

Fertility awareness-based methods and natural family planning

If you’re looking for a hormone-free way to prevent pregnancy, fertility awareness-based methods—also known as natural family planning—might be a good fit. These techniques involve tracking your cycle to identify your fertile days and avoiding sex or using protection during that window.

This method can be empowering and effective, especially if you:

• Have regular menstrual cycles
• Are comfortable tracking daily signs of fertility
• Prefer a natural or hormone-free approach
• Are okay with avoiding sex or using barrier methods during fertile days

How to track your fertility

Fertility awareness relies on daily observations to understand when you’re ovulating. Two key methods include:

Basal Body Temperature (BBT) tracking:

• Take your temperature every morning before getting out of bed
• A small rise in temperature usually signals that ovulation has just occurred
• Requires a special BBT thermometer and consistency in timing

Cervical mucus monitoring:

• Track the look and feel of your vaginal discharge
• Fertile mucus is clear, stretchy, and slippery (like egg whites)
• After ovulation, mucus becomes thicker or dries up
• Some people also track cervical position for added insight

Pros and cons of natural family planning

One of the biggest benefits of natural family planning is that it’s completely hormone-free. It also deepens your understanding of your body and cycle, and can be helpful whether you’re trying to avoid pregnancy or preparing to conceive in the future. Once you’ve learned the method, there are no recurring costs, and no prescriptions needed.

That said, these methods are not foolproof and demand time, attention, and daily tracking. They tend to work best for people with regular cycles and who are comfortable with a hands-on approach. You’ll also need to either avoid sex or use backup protection during your fertile window, which can require a bit of planning and communication with your partner.

There’s a lot of room for error, so it’s important to be honest with yourself about how much structure works for your lifestyle.

Permanent birth control

If you’re certain that you don’t want children—or are done growing your family—permanent birth control can offer lasting peace of mind. These options are low-maintenance once complete and remove the need to think about contraception in the future. While they’re highly effective, they’re also meant to be lifelong decisions, so it’s important to feel confident before moving forward.

Tubal ligation

Tubal ligation, sometimes referred to as “getting your tubes tied,” is a surgical procedure that permanently prevents pregnancy. It works by closing off the fallopian tubes, so eggs can’t meet sperm. The procedure is typically done under general anesthesia and usually doesn’t require an overnight hospital stay.

This method is more than 99% effective and doesn’t impact your natural hormones—you’ll continue to ovulate and have your regular menstrual cycle. While reversals are technically possible, they’re complicated, costly, and not guaranteed. 

That’s why tubal ligation is best suited for those who feel fully confident they won’t want to become pregnant in the future.

Vasectomy

A vasectomy is a permanent birth control procedure for men. It’s less invasive than tubal ligation and usually done in a clinic setting with local anesthesia. During the procedure, the tubes that carry sperm are cut or sealed to prevent sperm from reaching semen.

It takes about three months for all remaining sperm to clear out after a vasectomy, so a backup method is needed during that time. After a follow-up test confirms there’s no sperm left, it becomes a highly effective (over 99%) and maintenance-free form of birth control. 

Like tubal ligation, reversal is technically possible but not always successful, so it’s important to be sure before proceeding.

Choosing the Right Birth Control Method for Your Needs

The right method depends on your health, your goals, and how involved you want to be in the process. Whether you’re planning for the future, managing a health condition, or simply looking for something that fits into your busy schedule, it’s all about finding what works for your body and your life.

Things to think through

Finding the right birth control is a personal choice that depends on your lifestyle, health, and future plans. Here are some key things to consider:

• Lifestyle: Daily pills need consistency; long-acting methods like IUDs or implants require less day-to-day attention.
• Future plans: If you want kids at some point, avoid permanent methods.
• Health: Certain conditions or medications may affect which methods are safe.
• Preferences: Hormonal or hormone-free? Side effects vary.
• Cost: Insurance often covers many options, but coverage differs.

Protecting against STIs

Most birth control methods don’t protect against sexually transmitted infections (STIs)—only male and female condoms do. Using condoms alongside your chosen method is the best way to prevent both pregnancy and infections.

If you’re at risk, regular STI testing is important. At-home testing kits can make this easier and more private.

Finding the best birth control method for you

Choosing birth control doesn’t have to feel overwhelming. With so many options—from barrier methods to hormonal and long-acting options—there’s a choice to fit your unique needs and lifestyle. The key is understanding how each method works and considering what feels right for you now and in the future.

Take your time exploring different methods, and don’t be afraid to switch if something doesn’t suit you. What works well for someone else might not be the best fit for you, and that’s perfectly okay. Your needs can also change over time, so staying informed helps you make the best choices throughout your reproductive years.

Nurx makes it easy to access the birth control you need with convenient home delivery, so you can stay protected without the extra trips to the pharmacy.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ):

What are the 5 methods of birth control?

Barrier methods, hormonal methods, long-acting reversible contraceptives (LARCs), permanent sterilization, and fertility awareness-based methods.

What are the top 3 birth control methods?

Birth control pills, IUDs (intrauterine devices), and condoms are among the most commonly used and accessible options.

Which birth control method has the least side effects?

Barrier methods like condoms generally have the fewest side effects since they don’t use hormones or invasive procedures.

What is the 100% effective method of birth control?

Abstinence is the only method that’s 100% effective at preventing both pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections.

The information provided is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. You should not rely upon this content for medical advice. If you have any questions or concerns, please talk to a medical professional.

Services not offered in every state. Medications prescribed only if clinically appropriate, based on completion of required consultation. Individual results may vary.

Not all options discussed in the blog are available through Nurx. Please see Nurx.com for details.

Annovera® (segesterone acetate and ethinyl estradiol vaginal system, 0.15mg/0.013mg), Rx only, is used as contraception to prevent pregnancy. This drug may cause side effects, including headache, nausea/vomiting, yeast infection, and abdominal pain. If you would like to learn more, see full prescribing information, here. You are encouraged to report negative side effects to the FDA. Visit www.fda.gov/medwatch or call 1-800-FDA-1088.

Ella® (Ulipristal Acetate tablet, 30mg), Rx only, is an emergency contraceptive used to prevent pregnancy up to five days (120 hours) after unprotected sex. This drug may may cause side effects, including headache, nausea, and stomach pain. If you would like to learn more about this drug , please see the full prescription information here. You are encouraged to report negative side effects of prescription drugs to the FDA.  Visit www.fda.gov/medwatch or call 1-800-FDA-1088.

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Sprintec® (norgestimate and ethinyl estradiol), Rx only, is an oral contraceptive used to prevent pregnancy. This drug may cause side effects, including headaches, irregular and/or heavy uterine bleeding, dysmenorrhea, nausea and/or vomiting and back pain.  If you would like to learn more, see full prescribing information, here. You are encouraged to report negative side effects of prescription drugs to the FDA.  Visit www.fda.gov/medwatch or call 1-800-FDA-1088.

Depo-SubQ Provera 104® (medroxyprogesterone acetate injectable suspension, 104mg/0.65mL for subcutaneous use), Rx only, is used as contraception to prevent pregnancy. This drug may cause side effects, including dysfunctional uterine bleeding (irregular, increase, decrease, spotting), headache, and weight gain. If you would like to learn more, see full prescribing information, here. You are encouraged to report negative side effects to the FDA. Visit www.fda.gov/medwatch or call 1-800-FDA-1088.

Twirla® (levonorgestrel/ethinyl estradiol patch), Rx only, is an oral contraceptive used to prevent pregnancy. This drug may cause side effects, including headaches, irregular and/or heavy uterine bleeding, dysmenorrhea, nausea and/or vomiting and back pain. If you would like to learn more, please see the full prescription information here. You are encouraged to report negative side effects of prescription drugs to the FDA. Visit MedWatch: HTTPS://WWW.FDA.GOV/SAFETY/MEDWATCH /default.htm or call 1-800-FDA-1088.

NuvaRing® (etonogestrel 0.12mg/ethinyl estradiol 0.015mg vaginal ring), Rx only, is used as contraception to prevent pregnancy. This drug may cause side effects, including irregular uterine bleeding, nausea, breast tenderness, headache, and increased or unusual vaginal discharge. If you would like to learn more, see full prescribing information, here. You are encouraged to report negative side effects to the FDA. Visit www.fda.gov/medwatch or call 1-800-FDA-1088.

Annovera® (segesterone acetate and ethinyl estradiol vaginal system, 0.15mg/0.013mg), Rx only, is used as contraception to prevent pregnancy. This drug may cause side effects, including headache, nausea/vomiting, yeast infection, and abdominal pain. If you would like to learn more, see full prescribing information, here. You are encouraged to report negative side effects to the FDA. Visit www.fda.gov/medwatch or call 1-800-FDA-1088.

Paragard® is not offered through Nurx. Learn more at paragard.com. All product names, manufacturer or distributor names, logos, trademarks, and registered marks (“Product Marks”) are the property of their owners and are for identification purposes only. Product Marks do not imply any affiliation, endorsement, connection, or sponsorship by their owner(s) with Nurx.

Don’t use Paragard® if you are or may be pregnant, have fibroids, a pelvic infection including pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), get infections easily, certain cancers, unexplained bleeding, Wilson’s disease, or a copper allergy. IUDs, including Paragard, have been associated with an increased risk of PID. Pregnancy with Paragard® is rare but can be life threatening and cause infertility or loss of pregnancy.Tell your HCP you have Paragard®before having an MRI or a medical procedure using heat therapy. At first, periods may become heavier and longer with spotting in between.

Additional common side effects include anemia, pain during sex, backache, and vaginal discharge.

Paragard® does not protect against HIV or STDs.

Nexplanon® is not offered through Nurx. Learn more at nexplanon.com. All product names, manufacturer or distributor names, logos, trademarks, and registered marks (“Product Marks”) are the property of their owners and are for identification purposes only. Product Marks do not imply any affiliation, endorsement, connection, or sponsorship by their owner(s) with Nurx.

Nexplanon® is a highly effective birth control implant, but it should not be used if you’re pregnant, have a history of blood clots, liver disease, breast cancer, or unexplained vaginal bleeding. After insertion, you should be able to feel the implant—if not, use backup birth control and contact your provider. The most common side effect is changes in your bleeding pattern, but other possible effects include headaches, weight gain, mood changes, and acne. Rare but serious risks include blood clots and ectopic pregnancy. NEXPLANON does not protect against HIV or other STDs.