Ovarian cysts and how birth control can (and can’t) help

While birth control is widely known for preventing pregnancy, it also plays an important role in managing certain reproductive health conditions, especially ovarian cysts. These fluid-filled sacs that form on or in the ovaries are fairly common, particularly during the reproductive years. Many people have ovarian cysts without ever knowing it, but for others, cysts can cause pain, bloating, or disrupt their menstrual cycle.

Hormonal birth control methods like the pill, patch, or ring don’t treat existing ovarian cysts, but they can help prevent new ones from forming by suppressing ovulation. This can be especially helpful for people who experience recurrent or painful cysts.

Understanding how birth control works in relation to ovarian cysts can help you make informed decisions about your reproductive health, especially if you’ve had cyst-related symptoms or concerns in the past.

How birth control helps prevent ovarian cysts

Most ovarian cysts are what healthcare professionals call functional cysts—they form as a natural part of the menstrual cycle, usually when the ovary releases an egg during ovulation. These cysts are often harmless and go away on their own, but in some cases, they can grow large, become painful, or even rupture.

Hormonal birth control—like the pill, patch, or vaginal ring—helps prevent these cysts by suppressing ovulation. When ovulation doesn’t occur, there’s less opportunity for a cyst to form around a developing or released egg. This is why hormonal birth control is often recommended as a preventive strategy for people who experience frequent or painful ovarian cysts.

Consistent use of hormonal contraception reduces the number of ovulatory cycles a person has, which in turn lowers the likelihood of developing functional cysts over time. While these methods won’t shrink existing cysts, they can significantly reduce the chance of new ones forming.

If you’ve had cyst-related symptoms in the past—or if you’re at higher risk due to conditions like PCOS—talking with a provider about birth control could be a proactive step. Hormonal options vary, and a licensed provider (like those at Nurx) can help you find one that fits your lifestyle, health needs, and long-term goals.

Can birth control make ovarian cysts worse?

For most people, hormonal birth control helps prevent ovarian cysts, not cause them. By suppressing ovulation, methods like the pill, patch, and ring reduce the chances of developing new functional cysts, which are the most common type.

However, it’s important to know that certain progestin-only methods—like the hormonal IUD (such as Mirena® or Skyla®), the implant, or the Depo-Provera® shot—may be associated with the formation of small, benign ovarian cysts in some users. These cysts typically aren’t harmful, don’t cause symptoms, and often go away on their own. If they do become large or painful, a provider may recommend follow-up imaging or a change in your birth control method.

Hormonal birth control won’t shrink cysts that have already formed, but it can help prevent future ones from developing. If you’ve had an ovarian cyst before, using hormonal contraception may be a good long-term option to reduce recurrence.

It’s always a good idea to check in with a provider in person if you experience:

• Persistent or worsening pelvic pain
• Bloating or abdominal fullness
• Sudden, sharp pain that doesn’t go away
• Unexplained changes to your period

These could be signs of a larger cyst or a different condition that may need evaluation or treatment. A licensed provider can help you decide whether your current birth control is supporting your reproductive health or whether a change might be helpful.

Other birth control methods and ovarian cysts

Not all birth control methods affect ovarian cysts the same way. Some are more effective at preventing them, while others may have no effect, or in rare cases, may even contribute to their development. Here’s how different methods compare:

Combination methods: Pill, patch, and ring

These birth control options contain both estrogen and progestin. They’re often recommended for people with a history of ovarian cysts because they reliably suppress ovulation. Most functional cysts form during ovulation, so preventing them significantly reduces the chance of new cysts forming. 

If you’re looking for a method that offers both pregnancy prevention and ovarian cyst protection, combination birth control is a strong option.

Progestin-only methods: Minipill, shot, and implant

These methods may reduce ovulation, but they don’t always suppress it consistently. For some people, the Depo-Provera® shot or the implant (Nexplanon®) may help prevent cysts, but their effectiveness can vary. These options may still be appropriate depending on your overall health and preferences, especially if you can’t take estrogen.

Hormonal IUDs

Hormonal IUDs don’t consistently stop ovulation, so they’re not typically used to prevent ovarian cysts. In fact, they’re associated with a small chance of developing benign ovarian cysts. These are usually temporary and resolve on their own, but if you’ve had cyst complications in the past, talk with your provider about whether an IUD is the right fit.

Copper IUD: Paragard®

Because the copper IUD is hormone-free, it doesn’t interfere with ovulation at all. This means it won’t prevent ovarian cysts, but it also won’t increase your risk. If you’re looking for long-term, hormone-free birth control and haven’t had issues with cysts in the past, the copper IUD might still be a good option.

Which types of birth control are best for ovarian cysts?

If you’re prone to ovarian cysts or have had them before, certain birth control methods may help reduce the chances of developing new ones. Hormonal birth control, particularly those that suppress ovulation, is often the go-to strategy. But not all methods work the same way, and some are more effective at prevention than others.

While your personal health history and goals will shape what’s right for you, many providers recommend starting with pills, especially combination options that contain both estrogen and progestin. Let’s take a closer look.

What birth control pill is best for ovarian cysts?

Low-dose combination pills are often considered the best pill option for preventing functional ovarian cysts. These pills work by consistently suppressing ovulation, which is when cysts are most likely to form. In addition to pregnancy prevention, combination pills can also help regulate your cycle and reduce painful periods, which are common symptoms for people with cysts.

At Nurx, we offer a variety of low-dose combination pills that are well-tolerated and effective for most users. These include:

• Estarylla®
• Junel® Fe 1.5/30
• Syeda®

Progestin-only pills (the “minipill”) are another option, especially if you’re sensitive to estrogen, breastfeeding, or have certain health conditions. While they don’t always stop ovulation as reliably as combination pills, some users still see fewer cysts. They require more consistent timing to be effective, so they’re best for those who can stick to a daily schedule.

If you’re not sure which pill is best for your needs, a health assessment with a Nurx provider can help you find the right fit based on your symptoms, goals, and medical history.

Warning signs you should talk to your provider

Most ovarian cysts are harmless and go away on their own, but it’s still important to know when to check in with a healthcare provider. If a cyst grows too large or ruptures, it can cause more serious symptoms that shouldn’t be ignored.

Reach out to an in-person provider if you notice:

• Sudden or severe pelvic pain
• Persistent bloating or abdominal swelling
• Unexplained or heavy vaginal bleeding
• Pain during sex or bowel movements
• Frequent urge to urinate or difficulty emptying your bladder
• Nausea, vomiting, or fever along with pelvic pain

If you’ve been diagnosed with ovarian cysts in the past and your symptoms return or worsen, it’s worth getting evaluated again. While most cysts are benign, ongoing or intense discomfort may signal a complication that needs treatment.

And remember—you don’t have to wait until symptoms feel urgent. Connecting with your provider can give you peace of mind and help you decide on the best next steps.

Taking charge of your reproductive health

Managing ovarian cysts can feel overwhelming, especially when symptoms disrupt your daily life or create uncertainty about your health. The good news? You have options, and birth control can be a powerful tool for preventing certain types of cysts before they start.

Whether you’re exploring hormonal birth control to reduce your risk of functional cysts or simply want more control over your cycle and symptoms, the right method should fit your body, lifestyle, and long-term health goals. And you don’t have to figure it out alone.

At Nurx, licensed medical providers can help you find the best birth control option for your needs—discreetly, affordably, and all from home. Ready to take the next step? Start your personalized health assessment today and get expert care that works for you.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ): 

Does birth control help ovarian cysts?

Yes—certain hormonal birth control methods, like the pill, patch, and ring, can help prevent the formation of functional ovarian cysts by suppressing ovulation. Fewer ovulations mean fewer chances for these cysts to develop.

Can birth control cause ovarian cysts?

Most hormonal methods prevent cysts, but some progestin-only options—like the hormonal IUD—may increase the likelihood of small, benign cysts forming. These typically go away on their own and don’t usually require treatment.

Can birth control make ovarian cysts worse?

Hormonal birth control generally doesn’t make cysts worse. While it won’t shrink existing cysts, it can prevent new ones from forming. If you’re experiencing worsening symptoms, it’s best to consult with a provider.

Can birth control pills get rid of cysts?

Birth control pills won’t shrink existing ovarian cysts, but they may help regulate your cycle and reduce the risk of new cysts developing. Most functional cysts resolve on their own within a few menstrual cycles.

What is the best birth control for ovarian cysts?

Low-dose combination pills are often the most recommended for preventing ovarian cysts. They suppress ovulation reliably and have a long track record of effectiveness. A provider can help match you with the right formulation based on your needs.

Does Yaz® shrink an ovarian cyst?

Yaz®, Loryna®, and other combination pills may not actively shrink existing cysts, but they may help prevent new ones from forming. If you have an existing cyst, your provider may recommend watchful waiting and follow-up care.

The information provided is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. You should not rely upon this content for medical advice. If you have any questions or concerns, please talk to a medical professional.

Services not offered in every state. Medications prescribed only if clinically appropriate, based on completion of  required consultation. Individual results may vary. Costs apply.  See Nurx.com for details.

Drospirenone/ethinyl estradiol, Rx only, is an oral contraceptive used to prevent pregnancy. This drug may cause side effects, including headaches, irregular and/or heavy uterine bleeding, dysmenorrhea, nausea and/or vomiting and back pain. If you would like to learn more, please see the full prescription information here. You are encouraged to report negative side effects of prescription drugs to the FDA. Visit MedWatch: HTTPS://WWW.FDA.GOV/SAFETY/MEDWATCH /default.htm or call 1-800-FDA-1088.

Loryna® (Drospirenone and Ethinyl Estradiol tablets, 3mg/0.02mg), Rx only, is used as contraception to prevent pregnancy. This drug may cause side effects, including irregular uterine bleeding, nausea, breast tenderness, and headache. If you would like to learn more, see full prescribing information, here. You are encouraged to report negative side effects to the FDA. Visit www.fda.gov/medwatch or call 1-800-FDA-1088.

Junel Fe 1/20® (norethindrone acetate 1mg and ethinyl estradiol 0.02mg tablets, and ferrous fumarate 75mg tablets), Rx only, is an oral contraceptive used to prevent pregnancy. This drug may cause side effects, including headaches, irregular and/or heavy uterine bleeding, dysmenorrhea, nausea and/or vomiting and back pain. If you would like to learn more, please see the full prescription information here. You are encouraged to report negative side effects of prescription drugs to the FDA. Visit MedWatch: HTTPS://WWW.FDA.GOV/SAFETY/MEDWATCH /default.htm or call 1-800-FDA-1088.

Estarylla® (norgestimate and ethinyl estradiol), Rx only, is an oral contraceptive used to prevent pregnancy. This drug may cause side effects, including headaches, irregular and/or heavy uterine bleeding, dysmenorrhea, nausea and/or vomiting and back pain. If you would like to learn more, please see the full prescription information here. You are encouraged to report negative side effects of prescription drugs to the FDA. Visit MedWatch: HTTPS://WWW.FDA.GOV/SAFETY/MEDWATCH /default.htm or call 1-800-FDA-1088.

Syeda® (drospirenone and ethinyl estradiol), Rx only, is an oral contraceptive used to prevent pregnancy. This drug may cause side effects, including headaches, irregular and/or heavy uterine bleeding, dysmenorrhea, nausea and/or vomiting and back pain. If you would like to learn more, please see the full prescription information here. You are encouraged to report negative side effects of prescription drugs to the FDA. Visit MedWatch: HTTPS://WWW.FDA.GOV/SAFETY/MEDWATCH /default.htm or call 1-800-FDA-1088.

Paragard® is not available via Nurx. Learn more at paragard.com. All product names, manufacturer or distributor names, logos, trademarks, and registered marks (“Product Marks”) are the property of their owners and are for identification purposes only. Product Marks do not imply any affiliation, endorsement, connection, or sponsorship by their owner(s) with Nurx.

Depo-SubQ Provera® 104 may be prescribed by a Nurx affiliated provider but is not fulfilled through a Nurx pharmacy. Learn more about Depo-SubQ Provera® here. 

Nexplanon® is not offered through Nurx. Learn more at nexplanon.com. All product names, manufacturer or distributor names, logos, trademarks, and registered marks (“Product Marks”) are the property of their owners and are for identification purposes only. Product Marks do not imply any affiliation, endorsement, connection, or sponsorship by their owner(s) with Nurx.

Mirena® is not available through Nurx. Learn more about Mirena® including risks and side effects here. All product names, manufacturer or distributor names, logos, trademarks, and registered marks (“Product Marks”) are the property of their owners and are for identification purposes only. Product Marks do not imply any affiliation, endorsement, connection, or sponsorship by their owner(s) with Nurx.

Skyla® is not available through Nurx. Learn more about Skyla® including risks and side effects here. All product names, manufacturer or distributor names, logos, trademarks, and registered marks (“Product Marks”) are the property of their owners and are for identification purposes only. Product Marks do not imply any affiliation, endorsement, connection, or sponsorship by their owner(s) with Nurx.